How to Be a Jazz Musician
Are you a frustrated jazz musician? Do you play your notes correctly but can't find the right sound? This will help you learn how jazz works and how to get it into your system.
[edit] Steps
- Listen to a lot of jazz music. Charlie Parker, Thelonious Monk, Ella Fitzgerald, Miles Davis, John Coltrane, Charles Mingus, Eric Dolphy, Pepper Adams, Louis Armstrong, Chet Baker, McCoy Tyner, Art Tatum, Sidney Bechet, Oscar Peterson Al Jarreau, Ray Brown, John Scofield, David Benoit, Cannonball Adderley, and Peter White are all excellent and very different jazz artists.
- Listen day and night. Go for days without any other music. You will notice the difference.
- Jazz often have a triplet feel called 'swing.' It can be explained many different ways, but the best way to learn it is just to listen to jazz. However, be wary; artists such as Monk and Mingus have distinctive styles of swing that may not sound good on all charts.
- Train your ears and brains: Try to follow the rhythm of a song throughout. Start with a simple 4 measure beat, swinging track by Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers (check the syncopation on "Moanin'"). Move on to tracks and other, more complex artists you notice having a rhythm which is a bit strange, then, not apparent to you. Figure it out consciously so that you can groove along with it and appreciate it even if it's weird.
- Pay attention to the beats per measure, and the notes to match.
- Analyse. Follow complicated or long musical solos consciously. Imagine the soloist telling a coherent story (as opposed to "just playing along"). Follow each musician throughout the whole piece, paying attention to what he actually does and when, and how he works with rhythm.
- Redirect your attention inside a piece. Ask yourself things like "and what is the drummer/bassist/pianist doing in the background NOW?"
- Listen for the ways the musicians (including vocalists) find different, unique sounds with their instruments that differ from a traditional orchestral sound.
- Compare stylings. Find things you like and things you don't like (and why).
- Only after this analytic approach, synthesize. Listen to the interaction of great tightly interacting jazz groups, like the ones of Bill Evans or Dave Holland, in live contexts. Notice how they "feel" each other in the group, how they react to one another. The musical experience will be more and more rewarding and gain depth as you do so. Try approaching more complex music.
- Compare a jazz track to a modern pop track or a classical piece. Write down the differences you hear in how the notes are being played.
- Play a chromatic scale on your piano. A chromatic scale is a scale from one note to another, playing all possible notes. Play this variation on low "C": C, B, B flat, A, A flat, G, G flat, G.
- Hold each note for exactly 2 beats.
- Play a blues scale. There are many different blues scales. Here is "C": C, E flat, F, F sharp, G, B flat, C.
- Play your chromatic scale in your left hand, and hold each note for two beats.
- Choose a C note (middle, high, etc.), and play it repeatedly with your right hand at the same time as you play the chromatic scale with your left.
- Experiment with different rhythms. After a few times through, add "E flat" while playing.
- Play C and E flat together or separately. Make your way up through all the notes in the blues scale above.
- Learn the blues scale at least in the seven major keys.
- Try to memorize solos on recordings that you like, and re-play them yourself. This takes a lot of patience, but will take you great steps ahead.
- Register at http://www.learnjazzpiano.com and absorb it.
- Try things out and find stuff that sounds good.
- Practice as much as you can.
- Assemble a small jazz combo or even big band to rehearse on a weekly basis. This will not only help your reading and improvisational skills, it will help you become a better ensemble player. (i.e. learn to play in tune, balance with other players, etc.) Some of the best things you can learn are from other jazz musicians, so be sure to assemble the best players you can to perform in your group. Ideally, they should be better and more experience than you. You won't learn anything by trying to be the "star" player in your ensemble. Visit http://www.pdfjazzmusic.com for some free downloadable big band and combo materials.
[edit] Tips
- Basie is a laid-back style, inspired originally by Count Basie with Freddie Green and Jo Jones. Play a little behind the beat when playing it, but don't drag.
- Take things slow. It doesn't happen overnight or in a month.
- If you want to learn jazz or any piano, take lessons because it is good to have someone coaching you.
- When practicing jazz, set your metronome up so that it's beating only on beats 2 and 4 - these are the important beats in jazz, the back beats
- note on above: all the beats are important in jazz. The 2 and 4 are traditionally where the drummer plays time on the high hat. Be careful of accidentally emphasizing 2 and 4, which might happen if you set your met. to just those. Practice with it on 1-4 as well. Actually, an emphasis on 2 and four every measure gives a stronger groove overall. The music will swing harder, feel better and there will be a better sense of time.
- When practicing scales/chords (to your metronome on 2 and 4) try articulating the off beats; later, you can also try to shift the rhythm by one beat every time you play a scale.
- The play-along series by Jamey Abersold can be a very helpful practice tool because it includes a rhythm section that you can play along with. Bass/Piano can be cancelled by panning left/right.
- Learning the chords in a simple 12 bar blues is great for beginners. The chords are traditionally 1|4|1|1|4|4|1|1|5|4|1|1. 1 is the root, or first note of the key you're playing in, and the other numbers are respective degrees of the scale. (so if you were playing a C blues, the chords would be C7|F7|C7|C7|F7|F7|C7|C7|G7|F7|C7|C7.) other variations inlude a "2-5-1" turnaround in the last four measures, or a 3-6-2-5-1.
[edit] Warnings
- Instruments take a long time to learn. Don't be frustrated if you don't pick things up right away. Practice as often as you can.
[edit] Things You'll Need
- A good instrument
- nimble fingers
- patience and time
- Basic knowledge of reading music and playing notes
- Jazz and blues music to listen to
- A metronome
- Determination
[edit] Sources and Citations
- Jazz Improvisation
- Learn Jazz Piano from Users to Users type of thing.
- [www.allmusic.com Allmusic.com], a great overview page for artists and their styles. Don't trust the reviews too much, though.
- Jazz Drumming - Learn how to play jazz drumming in 4 easy steps... totally free
- Free Big Band Chart
